Human Metapneumovirus: Has HMPV Been Around Since 1958? Why Was It Taken Lightly In 2001?
According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), this virus, first identified in 2001, has existed on Earth for 66 years. Experts suggest that going by serological evidence, the virus has been circulating since at least 1958
There are different types of viruses in the world, some more dangerous than others. Scientists continually study these viruses, developing vaccines to combat them. However, 23 years ago, a ‘new’ virus emerged that, despite attracting scientific attention, did not initially prompt extensive research or vaccine development.
Today, that same virus, Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV), poses a significant threat and is causing fear worldwide due to the lack of a vaccine. Currently, HMPV is wreaking havoc in China.
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HMPV is an RNA virus belonging to the metapneumovirus class of the Pneumoviridae family. It is a common respiratory virus that causes infections such as the common cold. HMPV is seasonal, typically prevalent during winter and early spring, similar to respiratory syncytial virus and influenza.
China, currently experiencing winter, is witnessing a surge in metapneumovirus infections. The virus is affecting millions and overwhelming hospitals, leading to widespread disruption. Its impact is also evident in other countries, including India, which has been put on high alert.
What did scientists take lightly?
Contrary to popular belief, HMPV is not new. According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), this virus has been present on Earth for 66 years, first identified in 2001. Experts suggest that serological evidence indicates its circulation since at least 1958.
HMPV, belonging to the Pneumoviridae family alongside RSV, has become a common respiratory pathogen globally, primarily spreading through droplets from coughing and sneezing. Scientists did not take this long-existing virus seriously; otherwise, a vaccine might have been developed by now.
Chaos in China
Currently, this virus is causing concern in China. As a common pathogen in its category, it spreads globally, primarily through droplets expelled during coughing and sneezing. Transmission can also occur through close contact with infected individuals and exposure to contaminated environments.
The infection period is believed to be three to five days. While present throughout the year, the virus is most prevalent in winter and spring, which may explain the widespread infections in China. Consequently, masks have made a comeback, and the Indian government has issued advisories urging caution.
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